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The surface roughness of the rubbed polyimide (PI) film for the liquid crystals (LC) is studied by means of scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The PI films are fabricated on indium–tin–oxide (ITO) coated glasses, and are rubbed by a nylon roller. The just-spin-cast PI film surface shows that all the grains stick together. The lightly rubbed PI surface has a highly aligned grain structure along the rubbing direction. A ferroelectric LC fabricated on this lightly rubbed PI substrate has a high aligning coefficient, which corresponds to the higher quality in the LC cells. The STM images of the more rubbed PI films show that a spherical grained surface follows the paste-like state.
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Suzuki et al. (1990) studied this question.
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