Basic principles and practices of evoked potential for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring: motor evoked potential and somatosensory evoked potential

Evoked potentials such as somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) or motor evoked potentials (MEP) are the most important and the most widely used modality in intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Although these two modalities measure different structures and have different clinical meaning, the aims of both modalities are the same, that is, the protection of neuronal injury during surgery. This review consists of three main parts: 1) general considerations such as safety, etiquette, and etiquette, and infection control, 2) SSEP, 3) MEP. Each section of SSEP and MEP includes subsections of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, standardized methodology, interpretation and intervention, anesthetic consideration, and clinical consideration.