What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess long-term renal allograft survival trends and graft half-lives among kidney transplant recipients in the United States across two decades.

Long-Term Renal Allograft Survival in the United States: A Critical Reappraisal

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Cohort study reveals modest long-term survival gains in kidney transplant recipients, indicating ongoing challenges in reducing late graft attrition.

To assess long-term renal allograft survival trends and graft half-lives among kidney transplant recipients in the United States across two decades.
Evaluated national registry data for N=252,910 patients who received a single-organ kidney transplant between 1989 and 2009.
Estimated allograft half-lives and attrition rates using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models across donor and recipient risk groups.
Deceased-donor graft half-life increased from 6.6 years in 1989 to 8.0 years in 1995 and 8.8 years in 2005, whereas living-donor graft half-life remained static at 11.4 years in 1989 and 11.9 years in 2005.
High-risk transplants using expanded criteria donors experienced substantial gains, with graft half-lives increasing from 3.0 years in 1989 to 6.4 years in 2005.
Improvements over the 20-year span were driven primarily by steep declines in first-year graft failure, while attrition rates beyond year one demonstrated only small improvements that were somewhat more evident in Black recipients.

Lamb et al. (2010) studied this question.

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Cohort study reveals modest long-term survival gains in kidney transplant recipients, indicating ongoing challenges in reducing late graft attrition.