Key result
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase mRNAs exhibited the slowest nuclear export rates among the eight influenza A virus segments, suggesting the virus uses nuclear retention to delay antigenic molecule expression.
Why the study?
The kinetics of viral transcription, nuclear export of viral transcripts, and their potential variation between the eight segments of influenza A virus are poorly characterised.
A novel statistical framework reveals that influenza A virus delays the expression of antigenic molecules by retaining their transcripts in the nucleus.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
New method estimates influenza segment export rates from single snapshots; leaves open validation and extension to pathogenesis or therapeutics.
Influenza A virus acutely transcribes viral mRNAs from the eight segmented viral genome when it infects. The kinetics of viral transcription, nuclear export of viral transcripts, and their potential variation between the eight segments are poorly characterised. Here we introduce a statistical framework for estimating the nuclear export rate of each segment from a snapshot of mRNA in situ localisation at a single time point, exploiting the cell-to-cell variation observed by an imaging-based in situ transcriptome assay. A mathematical modelling indicated that the relationship between the nuclear ratio and the total count of mRNAs in single cells is dictated by a proxy for the nuclear export rate. Using this model, we showed that the two influenza viral antigens hemagglutinin and neuraminidase were the slowest segments in the nuclear export, suggesting that influenza A virus uses the nuclear retention of viral transcripts to delay the expression of antigenic molecules. Our framework presented in this study can be widely used for investigating the nuclear retention of nascent transcripts produced in a transcription burst.
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Miura et al. (2023) studied Influenza A virus infection (in vitro). Influenza A virus infection was evaluated on Nuclear export rate of viral mRNA segments. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase mRNAs exhibited the slowest nuclear export rates among the eight influenza A virus segments, suggesting the virus uses nuclear retention to delay antigenic molecule expression.
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