Key result
DHAV-3 displaces DHAV-1 as China's predominant genotype, driven by adaptive mutations and rapid substitution.
Why the study?
Duck viral hepatitis causes significant threats to the global duck industry, prompting this study to examine evolutionary mechanisms driving the genotype displacement of DHAV-1 by DHAV-3 in China.
Observational (n=102)
Absolute Event Rate: 0.0002125% vs 0.000489%
Phylodynamic analysis reveals the evolutionary rates and demographic trends of DHAV genotypes, identifying China as a hub for DHAV-3 spread and informing future vaccine design.
DHAV-3 predominance may warrant reassessment of current vaccines in China; leaves open optimal control strategies pending prospective validation.
Importance: Duck viral hepatitis, caused by the duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), poses a significant threat to the global duck industry, particularly in China.Objective: This study examined the evolutionary mechanisms driving the genotype displacement of DHAV-1 by DHAV-3 in China using phylodynamic analysis.Methods: The vp1 genes of 9 DHAV-1 and 17 DHAV-3 strains were sequenced and combined with 82 DHAV-1 and 86 DHAV-3 sequences from GenBank.Bayesian phylogenetic, demographic, and phylogeographic analyses were performed using BEAST v1.10. Results:The substitution rate for DHAV-1 vp1 was 4.89 × 10 -4 substitutions/site/year (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 3.072 × 10 -4 to 6.83 × 10 -4 ), and for DHAV-3 was 2.125 × 10 -4 substitutions/site/year (95% HPD: 1.686 × 10 -4 to 2.567 × 10 -4 ).The time to the most recent common ancestor for DHAV-1 was estimated at ~1911 and for DHAV-3 at ~1992.The demographic trends showed a decline in DHAV-1 after 2003 and a resurgence of DHAV-3 in ~2010.Phylogeography identified China as the hub for DHAV-3 spread to South Korea, Vietnam, and Egypt.Conclusions and Relevance: DHAV-3 has a higher evolutionary rate, and adaptive mutations drive its dominance, informing vaccine design and control strategies.
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Xie et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Duck viral hepatitis (n=102). DHAV-3 genotype vs. DHAV-1 genotype was evaluated on Substitution rate (substitutions/site/year) (95% CI 1.686 × 10^-4 to 2.567 × 10^-4). DHAV-3 has displaced DHAV-1 as the predominant genotype in China, driven by adaptive mutations and an estimated substitution rate of 2.125 × 10^-4 substitutions/site/year.
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