Serving as the electron‐trapping center in photorefractive (PR) materials, the molecule M1, having a more electron‐deficient core, M, was doped with a monolithic PR material M0 (see Figure). Typical PR properties were dramatically improved with only 0.05 wt.‐% M1 with M0. An optical gain of 235 cm–1 at a field of 35 V μm–1 and diffraction efficiency of 77.5 % at a low field of 23 V μm–1 can be obtained.
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Hou et al. (2004) studied this question.
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