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Experimental investigation demonstrates an enhanced electrocaloric effect in strontium-doped lead-free ceramics, indicating high potential for eco-friendly solid-state refrigeration.
Barium strontium zirconate titanate ceramics ((BaSr)(ZrTi)O 3 -BSZT) with Zr 4+ ionic contents of 15 and 20 mol % and Sr 2+ ionic contents of 15, 20, 25, and 30 mol % were prepared using a solid-state reaction approach. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the lattice structure and morphologies of the ceramics. Permittivity and polarization as a function of temperature were characterized using an impedance analyzer and a Tower–Sawyer circuit. The electrocaloric effect was measured directly and calculated using the Maxwell relation (indirectly). The results indicated that the BSZT ceramics change from a normal ferroelectric to a relaxor ferroelectric with increasing Zr 4+ ionic content, which can be further modified by the addition of Sr 2+ ionic content. The optimized adiabatic temperature change Δ T obtained is 2.43 K in (Ba 0.85 Sr 0.15 )(Zr 0.15 Ti 0.75 )O 3 ceramics, and Δ T >1.6 K over a wide temperature span of 120 °C was obtained.
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Jian et al. (2019) studied this question.
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