What type of study is this?

This is a In Vitro Study study.

August 25, 2025

OPTIMUM FIRING TEMPERATURES FOR THE PREPARATION OF (Ba0.84Ca0.15Sr0.01)(Ti0.90Zr0.09Sn0.01)O3 CERAMICS BY THE SOLID-STATE COMBUSTION METHOD

SCSuphornphun ChootinNaresuan University SYSununta YimsabaiNaresuan University KMKanwarawan Makjad

Puntos clave

BCSTZS ceramics achieved the highest dielectric constant at 1,300°C sintering, reaching 2,767.
Average grain size increased significantly, from 3.94 to 27.61 μm, with rising sintering temperatures.
X-ray diffraction data confirmed a pure perovskite structure at calcination temperatures of 1,200°C and above.
The findings suggest that controlled calcination and sintering can enhance the electrical performance of lead-free ceramics.

Resumen

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of the calcination (1,100°C to 1,300°C for 4 h) and sintering (1,250°C to 1,400°C for 4 h) temperatures on the phase formation, morphology, and electrical behavior of (Ba0.84Ca0.15Sr0.01)Ti0.90Zr0.09Sn0.01)O3 (BCSTZS) lead-free ceramics, synthesized using the solid-state combustion technique with glycine as fuel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of BCSTZS powders exhibited a pure perovskite structure in samples after being calcined at ≥1,200°C for 4 h, that was 50°C lower calcination temperature compared to the solid-state reaction technique. The Rietveld refinement analysis of the BCSTZS ceramics confirmed the formation of the orthorhombic phase in all samples. The average grain size expanded from 3.94 to 27.61 μm as the sintering temperature rose. BCSTZS ceramics sintered at 1,300°C exhibited the highest dielectric constant (er = 2,767, eC = 8,378) and decent ferroelectric behavior (Pr = 10 mC/cm2 and coercive field Ec = 5.86 kV/cm).

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