CuO x films were prepared on glass plates by the vacuum sublimation of Cu films followed by an oxygen-plasma treatment. These CuO x films showed a strong hole-injection ability and found to be applicable to organic light-emitting devices as anodes, although their optical transmittance and conductivity were slightly lower than those of indium–tin-oxide layers. The most important merit of employing the films as the anodes lies in that they are easily shaped in patterns by vacuum sublimation using shadow masks in device fabrication.
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Wang et al. (2006) studied this question.
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