Role of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. F. in neurological disorders: A comprehensive review and network pharmacology-based analysis

Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. F. & Thomson (T. cordifolia), commonly known as Giloy or Guduchi, is widely recognized traditional medicinal herb for its potent nootropic and therapeutic properties. While extensive preclinical studies have demonstrated its diverse pharmacological potential, further in-depth clinical research is necessary to elucidate its precise molecular mechanisms of action. The current review aims to provide a rigorous research gap analysis while showcasing the phytochemical profile, nutritive profile, pharmacological attributes, safety, and medicinal information. Additionally, study looked into a network pharmacology-based analysis integrating publicly available biological databases to explore T. cordifolia's potential molecular mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective effects. To gather all research on T. cordifolia's neurobiological functions, a thorough search was done across multiple databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, the Web of Science, and PubMed till 30th of January, 2026. Globally, several studies have shed light on T. cordifolia's neuro-pharmacological profile. Network pharmacology results suggest that these drugs interact with proteins that are present in Serotonin, Dopaminergic, Vesicular Monoamine Transporters, Cholinergic, Nicotinic Pathways, Opioid Pathways, Histaminergic, Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, and Hormonal Regulation pathway. Future scientific advancements in the study of T. cordifolia are expected to drive a paradigm shift in medical research and practice, particularly in the development of phytopharmaceuticals targeting the central nervous system.