A theoretical framework for evaluating the relevance of climate-smart and regenerative agriculture to sustainable mountain food systems

Integration of indigenous knowledge with modern regenerative agriculture techniques, has a potential to create sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. A simulated model based on Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) was used to review and understand the complex interactions between selected descriptive components of regenerative agriculture. Three factors were selected for validation. Soil health was considered in the context of crop rotation, polycultures, and the use of organic matter as variables. Biodiversity was considered for diverse crops and the preservation of wild edible vegetable species. Water management was considered for efficiency of water use. Results of theoretical analysis showed that regenerative agriculture has a potential to be used as a reliable dependent variable in explanation of smart farming. The study recommends a combination of science, technology, and policy dimensions for future research into regenerative agriculture for smart mountain villages in the context of food systems and indigenous knowledge imperatives.