Blood pressure-lowering effects of Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica leaf concoction in 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rats

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Au Fere II concoction administered at a high dose for seven days significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by a mean difference of 39.75 mmHg compared to untreated controls in a 2K1C hypertensive rat model.

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Population: 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension (n=24). Intervention: Au Fere II (Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica leaf concoction) vs. Untreated 2K1C control. Primary outcome: Change in systolic blood pressure (MD -39.75, 95% CI -57.62 to -21.88, p=<0.0001).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Au Fere II, a leaf concoction from Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica, significantly reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a renin-angiotensin system-dependent hypertensive rat model by modulating RAS-related biomarkers and inflammatory mediators. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Q: What question did this study set out to answer?

Investigate the blood pressure-lowering activity and molecular mechanisms of Au Fere II, a leaf concoction of Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica, in a 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rat model.

Nuriza Ulul Azmi; Nur Hasanah; Rafiqah Nur Viviani; Bella Sanara; Jerry Vanlin; Nabila Alhaura; Ranum Wanudya Yunas; Mitsuyasu Kato; Fadlina Chany Saputri

doi:10.1038/s41538-026-01075-0

September 8, 2026npj Science of FoodOpen Access

Blood pressure-lowering effects of Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica leaf concoction in 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rats

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Key result

High-dose Au Fere II cuts SBP by ~40 mmHg vs untreated controls in hypertensive rats.

MD -39.75
95% CI -57.62 to -21.88
P<0.0001
n=24

Why the study?

This study explored the blood pressure-lowering effect of Au Fere II, a leaf concoction prepared from Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica, in a 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rat model.

Does Au Fere II concoction reduce blood pressure in a 2K1C hypertensive rat model?

Key Points

Investigate the blood pressure-lowering activity and molecular mechanisms of Au Fere II, a leaf concoction of Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica, in a 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rat model.
Hypertension was established via 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) renal artery stenosis surgery, followed by daily oral administration of three doses of Au Fere II, captopril, or vehicle for seven days.
Plasma renin-angiotensin system components (renin, ACE, Ang II) and vascular remodeling inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TGF-β1) were quantified.
Metabolite profiling was conducted via LC-MS/MS, complemented by pharmacokinetic predictions, network pharmacology, and molecular docking analyses.
In 2K1C hypertensive rats, seven days of high-dose Au Fere II reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 30.00 ± 5.35 and 30.50 ± 9.98 mmHg, respectively, whereas 2K1C control blood pressure increased by 9.75 ± 12.71 and 12.50 ± 12.77 mmHg.
Compared with 2K1C controls, high-dose Au Fere II yielded significant differences in systolic blood pressure (−39.75 mmHg, 95% CI: −57.62 to −21.88, p < 0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (−43.00 mmHg, 95% CI: −70.93 to −15.07, p = 0.0014).
Au Fere II suppressed elevated plasma levels of renin, ACE, Ang II, TGF-β1, and IL-6, with the greatest suppression observed at 1.98 mL/200 g BW/day.

Structured PICO

Does Au Fere II concoction reduce blood pressure in a 2K1C hypertensive rat model?

P

Population

24 male Wistar rats (8-10 weeks old) with 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) induced renovascular hypertension, treated for 7 days.

I

Intervention

Au Fere II (leaf concoction from Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica) administered orally daily for 7 days at three different doses

C

Comparator

Untreated 2K1C control group and captopril (positive control)

O

Outcome

Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressuresurrogate

Main Result

Mean Difference: -39.75 (95% CI -57.62–-21.88)

Absolute Event Rate: -30% vs 9.75%

p-value: p=<0.0001

Au Fere II, a traditional Indonesian leaf concoction, significantly lowers blood pressure and modulates RAS-related biomarkers in a 2K1C hypertensive rat model.

Limitations

Short treatment period of seven days, requiring longer studies to determine sustained effects
Evaluated as a combined preparation without single-extract treatment groups to determine relative contributions
Vascular reactivity assays and vascular or multi-organ histopathology were not performed
Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and pharmacokinetic/toxicity analyses remain computational predictions requiring experimental validation
Short intervention period (7 days) insufficient to improve permanent effects of 2K1C induction
2K1C model is RAS-dependent and may not fully represent multifactorial human primary hypertension

Implication

Should not change clinical practice; hypothesis-generating for traditional concoctions in renovascular hypertension and requires human trials.

Abstract

This study explored the blood pressure-lowering effect of Au Fere II, a leaf concoction prepared from Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica , in a 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rat model, supported by network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. After hypertension was established in 2K1C rats, seven days of Au Fere II administration showed that the high dose of the concoction reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 30.00 ± 5.35 and 30.50 ± 9.98 mmHg, respectively. Compared with the 2K1C control group, the changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly different in the high-dose Au Fere II group ( p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0014, respectively). Au Fere II treatment was accompanied by alterations in renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-related biomarkers, including renin, angiotensin II, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), as well as inflammatory mediators associated with vascular remodeling, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Network pharmacology and molecular docking suggested potential interactions with candidate targets related to RAS regulation and inflammation-associated vascular remodeling, including ACE and IL-6. These findings provide initial preclinical evidence that Au Fere II exerts blood pressure-lowering effects in a RAS-dependent hypertensive rat model.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Azmi et al. (2026) studied 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension (n=24). Au Fere II (Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica leaf concoction) vs. Untreated 2K1C control was evaluated on Change in systolic blood pressure (MD -39.75, 95% CI -57.62 to -21.88, p=<0.0001). Au Fere II concoction administered at a high dose for seven days significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by a mean difference of 39.75 mmHg compared to untreated controls in a 2K1C hypertensive rat model.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa27ae958559d80afc73c42 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-026-01075-0

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Blood pressure-lowering effects of Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica leaf concoction in 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rats

Key Points

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Blood pressure-lowering effects of Persea americana and Vigna cylindrica leaf concoction in 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rats

Key Points

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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