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September 10, 2026Functional Plant Biology

Fulvic acid and hydrogen sulfide synergistically mitigate chromium stress in tobacco seedlings by regulating oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant defense mechanisms

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Authors

ASAbdul Ghaffar SharMJMuhammad Bilawal JunaidZWZhao Wei

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Overview

Controlled experiment demonstrates that combined fulvic acid and hydrogen sulfide alleviate chromium toxicity in tobacco seedlings, indicating enhanced antioxidant and photosynthetic resilience.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the synergistic effects of fulvic acid and hydrogen sulfide on chromium accumulation, growth, antioxidant defenses, leaf ultrastructure, and photosynthetic gene expression in chromium-stressed tobacco seedlings.
  • Exposed tobacco seedlings to chromium stress with single and combined applications of fulvic acid (FA) and hydrogen sulfide (HS).
  • Assessed plant growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, tissue chromium accumulation, and leaf cellular and stomatal ultrastructure via TEM and SEM.
  • Measured antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) and analyzed the relative expression of chloroplast- and chlorophyll-related genes (CHLG, CCD4, PsbO, PsbQ) using qRT-PCR.
  • Combined FA and HS treatment enhanced antioxidant defense compared with the chromium-stressed control, increasing activities of SOD by 29%, POD by 41%, CAT by 36%, and APX by 49%.
  • Significantly reduced chromium accumulation in roots and shoots while upregulating photosynthetic and chloroplast-related genes, including CHLG (32.35%), CCD4 (71.24%), PsbO (93.30%), and PsbQ (105.90%).
  • Mitigated chromium-induced damage to leaf cell ultrastructure and stomata, resulting in improved gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency, and overall seedling growth.

Cite This Study

Shar et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa27afb58559d80afc73ea2https://doi.org/10.1071/fp25378
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