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September 10, 2026Discover AtmosphereOpen Access

An annual rainfall metric integrates daily magnitude and frequency

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Authors

RZRen Zhang

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Overview

Climate data analysis reveals the Rainfall Magnitude–Rank Index captures daily precipitation intensity and frequency across climate regimes, indicating its value beyond total annual rainfall.

Key Points

  • To introduce and evaluate the Rainfall Magnitude–Rank Index (RMRI), a metric combining annual precipitation magnitude and frequency without requiring user-selected thresholds or tuning parameters.
  • Defined RMRI as the largest integer k such that at least k days in a calendar year record precipitation of at least k mm.
  • Evaluated RMRI across 329 quality-controlled station-years from 12 GHCN-Daily stations spanning contrasting hydroclimatic regimes.
  • RMRI varied considerably across stations and years, associating closely with total annual rainfall and the frequency of moderate-to-heavy precipitation days.
  • Among 129 same-station year pairs with annual totals differing by no more than 1%, 18.6% differed by at least 3 RMRI units, exhibiting a maximum difference of 6 units.

Cite This Study

Ren Zhang (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa27b0c58559d80afc741cdhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44292-026-00091-9
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