Relationship between stress and job burnout among Olympic and Paralympic coaches: Moderated mediation effects by job status, social support, and self-efficacy

Stress is a well-established antecedent of job burnout, while social support and self-efficacy serve as key protective resources whose roles may vary by employment status, a dimension that remains underexplored in research on coaches' burnout. The current study aimed to examine the mediation effects of social support and self-efficacy on the relationship between stress and job burnout, as well as to analyze the moderating effect of permanent/temporary job status. A total of 231 coaches registered with the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee and the Korean Paralympic Committee were recruited for the study and conditional process analysis was used for model testing. Stress exerted a significant direct effect on job burnout, while social support and self-efficacy served as indirect protective resources whose effects differed by employment status. Specifically, the buffering role of social support was stronger among coaches in permanent positions, whereas self-efficacy played a more critical role among coaches in temporary positions. These findings indicate that the stress-resource-burnout process operates differently depending on employment context, highlighting employment status as a key factor shaping burnout mechanisms among coaches.