Cross-sectional analysis reveals elevated psychological distress in people experiencing long-term homelessness, highlighting the protective benefit of early support services.
This study employs cross-sectional multivariate regressions to investigate: (1) the association between cumulative prior homelessness and homelessness; (2) the association between cumulative prior homelessness and psychological distress; and (3) how any association between cumulative prior homelessness and psychological distress may depend on support services where they are provided earlier in one’s cumulative homelessness experience. The results indicate that total time spent without a place to live before the Journeys Home survey corresponds to a greater chance of experiencing homelessness. Further, shorter cumulative prior homelessness is associated with lower levels of psychological distress, and longer cumulative prior homelessness is associated with higher levels of psychological distress.
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Christopher L. Ambrey (2026) studied this question.
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