Navigating the struggles: the challenges and well-being of homeless individuals in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Introduction: Homelessness is a persistent and complex social issue that underscores the inequalities in urban development worldwide. In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia’s vibrant capital, the plight of homeless individuals often goes unnoticed amid the city's rapid modernization and economic growth. This study aims to examine the challenges faced by individuals experiencing homelessness using a quantitative approach. Method: A total of 350 respondents were selected through purposive sampling, with specific criteria applied to ensure the validity of the sample. The researchers identified areas with a high concentration of homeless individuals in Kuala Lumpur to obtain representative data. Result: The findings indicate that the main challenges faced by homeless individuals include financial difficulties, challenges in securing employment, difficulties in finding affordable housing and family-related issues. These challenges directly impact their well-being and hinder their efforts to achieve stability in life. Overall, the study reveals that the well-being of the respondents is at a moderate level. The t-test analysis showed significant differences in well-being scores based on financial difficulties, employment issues and the presence of heirs. Conclusion: The findings are expected to provide valuable input for policymakers and social service providers in developing appropriate interventions aimed at reducing homelessness.