Review evaluates biotechnological enhancement of centellosides in Centella asiatica tissue cultures, highlighting scalable bioreactor systems to overcome harvest variability.
Key Points
Synthesize recent advances in biotechnological strategies to optimize centelloside biosynthesis in Centella asiatica in vitro cultures and address supply chain scalability.
Evaluated in vitro tissue culture platforms, including callus, shoot, and hairy root cultures, for biomass and secondary metabolite generation.
Assessed translational scalability and production consistency from shake-flask experiments to commercial bioreactor systems.
Wild Centella asiatica exhibits 5- to 10-fold variations in centelloside concentration driven by geographical location, environment, and harvest period.
Targeted elicitation and genetic engineering systematically increase yields of key triterpenoids, namely asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid.
Substantial developmental gaps persist between genomic discoveries, functional validation, and scalable industrial bioreactor implementation.