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Systematic review demonstrates reduced inflammation and bone loss with histone deacetylase inhibitors in preclinical periodontitis, highlighting potential novel therapeutic targets.
Background: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been suggested as novel pharmacological agents for various clinical conditions, including cancer and neurodegenerative, inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. Periodontitis is a complex, multifactorial disease characterised by chronic inflammation, a dysbiotic microbiota, and the degradation of tooth-supporting tissues. It is influenced by factors such as immune capacity, genetic and epigenetic changes, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Objective: This systematic review with narrative synthesis examines the therapeutic potential of HDACis in the management of periodontitis. Method: The PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched to identify relevant articles published between 2000 and 2026. The systematic review is reported according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Results: HDACis consistently attenuated periodontal inflammation, reduced alveolar bone loss, and inhibited osteoclast differentiation and activity by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenic markers. Trichostatin A, MS-275, and valproic acid were the most extensively investigated compounds. Conclusion: Overall, the findings indicate that HDAC inhibition may have therapeutic potential, although substantial methodological heterogeneity and limited translational evidence precluded conclusions regarding clinical efficacy.
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Izquierdo-Vega et al. (2026) studied this question.
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