An algorithm to acquire and analyze two combined near infrared (NIR) images of each fruit in real-time was developed and implemented with a pipeline image processing system. Information from the structured illumination portion of each image was used to distinguish between defects and concavities which both appeared as dark spots in the diffusely illuminated scene. The total projected area of defects on each fruit was estimated, and subsequent classification was based on the defect pixel total.
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Crowe et al. (1996) studied this question.