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September 10, 2026Nicotine & Tobacco Research

Sustained Smoking Abstinence Following Psychiatric Hospitalization is Associated with Substantial Decreases in Depression and Anxiety Symptoms

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Authors

RBRichard A. BrownHMHaruka MinamiJSJason Shumake

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Overview

Randomized trial demonstrates substantial reductions in depression and anxiety after sustained smoking abstinence in psychiatric inpatients, indicating quitting does not worsen mental health.

Key Points

  • To determine whether sustained smoking abstinence following psychiatric hospitalization is associated with reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms.
  • Secondary analysis of data from the Helping HAND 3 randomized controlled trial of a smoking cessation intervention among psychiatric inpatients (N=224).
  • Selected participants with elevated baseline depression and/or anxiety on PROMIS Short Forms 8a and assessed them at 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-discharge.
  • Modeled self-reported continuous abstinence versus continuous smoking over time using linear mixed models.
  • Continuous abstinence was associated with significant reductions in depressive symptoms (β = -3.88, 95% CI: -7.29 to -0.47, p = .026) and anxiety symptoms (β = -5.06, 95% CI: -8.11 to -2.02, p = .001) across follow-up.
  • At 6 months, abstinence versus continued smoking showed large effect sizes for decreases in depression (Cohen's d = 1.10) and anxiety (Cohen's d = 1.21), shifting symptoms from markedly elevated baseline levels to near population norms.

Cite This Study

Brown et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa2ae5058559d80afc7616dhttps://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntag208
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