Key result
Dietary patterns show clinically irrelevant associations with most cardiovascular risk factors.
Why the study?
Previous studies on the association between dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents have generated conflicting results.
Are different dietary patterns associated with cardiovascular risk factors in Spanish adolescents?
Cross-Sectional (n=1,324)
Yes
Are different dietary patterns associated with cardiovascular risk factors in Spanish adolescents?
In a large sample of Spanish adolescents, dietary patterns showed weak and clinically irrelevant cross-sectional associations with cardiovascular risk factors.
Associations too weak for clinical relevance; leaves open prospective studies on dietary patterns and CV outcomes.
Previous studies on the association between dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in adolescents have generated conflicting results. The aim of this study was to describe dietary patterns (DP) in a large sample of Spanish adolescents and to assess their cross-sectional relationship with CVRF. In total, 1324 adolescents aged 12.5 ± 0.4 years (51.6% boys) from 24 secondary schools completed a self-reported food frequency questionnaire. DPs were derived by cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose levels were assessed. Linear mixed models were applied to estimate the association between DPs and CVRF. Three DP-related clusters were obtained: Processed (29.2%); Traditional (39.1%); and Healthy (31.7%). Analogous patterns were obtained in the PCA. No overall differences in CVRF were observed between clusters except for z-BMI and z-FMI values, total cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol, with the Processed cluster showing the lowest mean values. However, differences were small. In conclusion, the overall association between DPs, as assessed by two different methods, and most analyzed CVRF was weak and not clinically relevant in a large sample of adolescents. Prospective analysis may help to disentangle the direction of these associations.
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Bodega et al. (2019) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular risk factors (n=1,324). Dietary patterns was evaluated on Cardiovascular risk factors (anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose levels). Dietary patterns showed weak and clinically irrelevant associations with most cardiovascular risk factors, with only small differences in z-BMI, z-FMI, and cholesterol among clusters.
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