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Future applications of nanotechnology, including integrated photonics, will require new three-dimensional (3D) fabrication techniques beyond those employed by the semiconductor industry. The authors investigate membrane stacking as a potential avenue for fabricating photonic crystals and other 3D structures with high yield. They fabricated membranes in silicon nitride with freestanding photonic structures and investigated the technology for stacking them.
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Patel et al. (2007) studied this question.
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