Normative Reference Values of Cardiac Output by Pulsed-Wave Doppler Echocardiography in Adults
Key result
Cardiac index measured by Doppler-echocardiography is a stable parameter (normal limits 1.9-4.3 L/min/m²) that is not influenced by age, gender, or body size.
Why the study?
Cardiac output is routinely assessed by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography, but normative reference values in adults are lacking.
Population
4,040 adults with normal blood pressure, no cardiovascular disease history, and normal echocardiography
Comparison
Nonobese vs obese adults across age and gender
Design
Cross-sectional normative reference study
Authors
Discussion
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Implication
Supports fixed normal ranges for cardiac index irrespective of demographics; leaves open prospective validation before guiding therapy.
Study Design
Type
Cross-Sectional (n=4,040)
Structured PICO
P
Population
4,040 adults (mean age 55 years, 53% women, 950 obese) with normal blood pressure, no history of cardiovascular disease, and normal echocardiography.
E
Exposure
Pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography for measurement of cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI)
O
Outcome
Normative reference values of cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI)surrogate
Cardiac index measured by Doppler echocardiography is a stable parameter across age, gender, and body size, with normal limits of 1.9 to 4.3 L/min/m², and should be used to define low- and high-output states.
Cite This Study
Ruşinaru et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy adults (n=4,040). Obesity, gender, and age was evaluated on Normative reference values of cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI). Cardiac index measured by Doppler-echocardiography is a stable parameter (normal limits 1.9-4.3 L/min/m²) that is not influenced by age, gender, or body size.