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Various home network middleware such as HAVi, LnCP, LonWorks, and UPnP have been designed. They coexist because one middleware cannot support diverse requests of services and devices. This circumstance creates an interoperability problem among devices based on various types of home network middleware. The Universal Middleware Bridge system is designed and implemented to solve this interoperability problem using a device conversion mechanism and a message translation mechanism among the middleware. These conversion mechanisms make it possible for devices to distinguish and control other devices connected to different middleware networks in the Universal Middleware Bridge system. These mechanisms also easily support new device and middleware by adding some XML files.
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Kim et al. (2007) studied this question.
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