Key result
MSC-derived extracellular vesicles regulate T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity and antigen-presenting cell-mediated innate immunity, offering potential immunomodulatory and regenerative effects for acute GVHD.
Why the study?
Real-world data have revealed limitations of off-the-shelf allogeneic human MSC products for acute GVHD, whereas MSC-EVs may offer advantages over parental MSCs.
Do MSC-derived extracellular vesicles provide immunomodulatory and regenerative effects for the treatment of acute GVHD?
Do MSC-derived extracellular vesicles provide immunomodulatory and regenerative effects for the treatment of acute GVHD?
MSC-derived extracellular vesicles represent a promising cell-free therapeutic approach for acute GVHD, leveraging specific microRNAs and other factors for immunomodulation and tissue regeneration.
May support cell-free GVHD therapy exploration; hypothesis-generating and requires randomized trials before practice change.
The development of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has focused on exploring biological nanoparticles secreted from MSCs. There is emerging evidence that the immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of MSCs can be recapitulated by extracellular vesicles released from MSCs (MSC-EVs). Off-the-shelf allogeneic human MSC products are clinically available to treat acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but real-world data have revealed the limitations of these products as well as their feasibility, safety, and efficacy. MSC-EVs may have advantages over parental MSCs as drugs because of their distinguished biodistribution and importantly dose-dependent therapeutic effects. Recent research has shed light on the role of microRNAs in the mode-of-action of MSC-EVs. A group of specific microRNAs alone or in combination with membrane proteins, membrane lipids, and soluble factors present in MSC-EVs play key roles in the regulation of GVHD. In this concise review, we review the regulation of T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity and antigen-presenting cell-mediated innate immunity by MSC-EVs and the direct regenerative effects on damaged cells in association with the immunopathology of GVHD.
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Fujii et al. (2022) conducted a review in Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) was evaluated. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles regulate T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity and antigen-presenting cell-mediated innate immunity, offering potential immunomodulatory and regenerative effects for acute GVHD.
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