Key result
Metabolic syndrome is linked to ~167% higher 10-year hard CHD risk in patients with schizophrenia.
Cross-Sectional (n=329)
A significant proportion of Lebanese patients with schizophrenia have intermediate or high 10-year CHD risk, which is strongly associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome was associated with higher CHD risk in schizophrenia; supports risk stratification but leaves causal effects and interventions open.
BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of premature death in patients with schizophrenia. CHD risk in Lebanese patients with schizophrenia remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To (i) evaluate CHD risk of patients with schizophrenia in Lebanon; and (ii) detect the modifiable and non-modifiable factors affecting this risk. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 329 patients with schizophrenia aged 20-75 years. Ten-year hard CHD risk was calculated using the Framingham risk score. A logistic regression was conducted taking the dichotomous hard CHD (<10% and ≥10%) as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Ten-year hard CHD risk was low (<10%) in 60.8% of patients, intermediate (10-20%) in 31.6%, and high (>20%) in 7.6%. Multivariate analysis showed that the mean 10-year hard CHD risk was 8.76±6.92 (10.82±6.83 in men and 3.18±2.90 in women). Ten-year hard CHD risk was higher in patients with the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 2.67, confidence interval [CI] 1.54-4.64), a longer duration of schizophrenia (OR 1.03, CI 1.01-1.05), a history of other medical illnesses (OR 2.02, CI 1.18-3.47), and in those participating in art therapy (OR 2.13, CI 1.25-3.64) or therapeutic education (OR 1.93, CI 0.93-4.01). Ten-year hard CHD risk was lower in patients receiving risperidone (OR 0.23, CI 0.08-0.68), any anti-epileptic (OR 0.41, CI 0.24-0.73), or any benzodiazepine (OR 0.33, CI 0.17-0.66) medication. CONCLUSION: CHD is prevalent in patients with schizophrenia in Lebanon. Physicians are recommended to monitor the components of the metabolic syndrome to identify patients with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Haddad et al. (2017) conducted a cross-sectional in Schizophrenia (n=329). Metabolic syndrome vs. Patients without metabolic syndrome was evaluated on 10-year hard CHD risk ≥10% (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.54-4.64). Metabolic syndrome was associated with an increased 10-year hard coronary heart disease risk in Lebanese patients with schizophrenia (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.54-4.64).
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