Multi-omics insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy: epigenetic and metabolic profiles

AIM: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM), a complex metabolic disease, greatly threatens human health due to therapeutic limitations. Multi-omics approaches facilitate the elucidation of its intrinsic pathological changes. METHODS: Metabolomics, RNA-seq, proteomics, and assay of transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC-seq) were utilized to elucidate multidimensional molecular alterations in DbCM. RESULTS: In the heart and plasma of mice with DbCM, metabolomic analysis demonstrated significant differences in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and lipids. Subsequent RNA-seq and proteomics showed that the key genes, including BCKDHB, PPM1K, Cpt1b, Fabp4, Acadm, Acadl, Acadvl, HADH, HADHA, HADHB, Eci1, Eci2, PDK4, and HMGCS2, were aberrantly regulated, contributing to the disorder of BCAAs and fatty acids. ATAC-seq analysis underscored the pivotal role of epigenetic regulation by revealing dynamic shifts in chromatin accessibility and a robust positive correlation with gene expression patterns in diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. Furthermore, motif analysis identified that KLF15 as a critical transcription factor in DbCM, regulating the core genes implicated with BCAAs metabolism. CONCLUSION: Our research delved into the metabolic alterations and epigenetic landscape and revealed that KLF15 may be a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in DbCM.