Effect of Propolis Containing Lozenge on Gingival Health among Subjects with Moderate Gingivitis: A Controlled Clinical Trial

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the effects of lozenges containing propolis on the control of moderate gingivitis. Method: Participants in the intervention group received a 200 mg propolis-containing lozenge and measurement of the gingival index (GI). They were instructed to use it twice daily for 7 days, once in the morning and once in the evening. In contrast, the control group received only instructions on oral hygiene. After one week, the GI measured again. A blinded statistician analyzed the data using the t -test using R software. Result: In the intervention group, the mean difference (post–pre) was −0.60 ± 0.2 ( P < 0.001, effect size: 2.23, paired t -test). In the control group, the mean difference (post–pre) was −0.12 ± 0.2 ( P < 0.001, effect size: 1.1, paired t -test). Between-group comparison showed a mean difference (intervention–control) of −0.48 ( P < 0.001, effect size: −2.35, independent t -test). Conclusion: Lozenges containing propolis demonstrated a significant decrease in the gingival index.