Key result
Deletion of the I196L gene from ASFV SY18 significantly reduced viral virulence and provided 100% protection in domestic pigs against a lethal homologous challenge.
Why the study?
African swine fever cannot be effectively prevented due to the lack of an available commercial vaccine, and the functions of unknown ASFV genes remain to be revealed.
Does a recombinant ASFV with I196L deletion protect domestic pigs against lethal ASFV challenge?
Does a recombinant ASFV with I196L deletion protect domestic pigs against lethal ASFV challenge?
Absolute Event Rate: 100% vs 0%
Deletion of the I196L gene from ASFV SY18 creates a potential live attenuated vaccine that protects pigs against lethal ASFV challenge.
Supports I196L deletion for ASFV vaccine development in pigs; leaves open translation to field use pending further studies.
The worldwide pandemic of African swine fever virus (ASFV) has a profound impact on the global pig industry. ASFV is a complex multilayered structure and the functions of unknown genes are being revealed. Here we deleted I196L from virulent ASFV SY18 with different length and obtained two recombinant viruses. The replication efficiency of the two recombinant viruses were similar but significantly lower than parental SY18. The pigs all survived the two recombinant viruses with 10 6.0 TCID 50 except one pig occurred sudden death and the suvived pigs all resisted the challenge without fever after intramuscularly injecting a lethal dose (10 2.0 TCID 50 ) of ASFV SY18. The recombinant viruses induced a strong anti-p54 humoral immune response. Meanwhile, the pigs also inevitably appeared moderate to high viremia throughout the observation period and presented a gradually downward trend. The results show that deleting I196L gene is a potential and effective vaccine that protects pigs from ASFV. IMPORTANCE The worldwide outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) cannot be effectively prevented due to no availably commercial vaccine. Many different types of vaccine candidates are researched and reported, which is a hopeful trend to develop safety and efficacy vaccine. Here we report on an unknown functional gene, I196L, which affects the virulence and replication of ASFV. When I196L was deleted from ASFV SY18, the recombinant virus decreased virulence and resisted the challenge of parental strain. This is a novel, effective, potential live attenuated vaccine (LAVs) for ASF.
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Fan et al. (2023) studied African swine fever (n=15). SY18ΔI196L-1 and SY18ΔI196L-2 (ASFV with I196L deletion) vs. Saline was evaluated on Survival after lethal challenge with ASFV SY18. Deletion of the I196L gene from ASFV SY18 significantly reduced viral virulence and provided 100% protection in domestic pigs against a lethal homologous challenge.
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