Key result
Combined active and passive smoking is linked to higher CV event rates versus isolated exposure.
Why the study?
Does combined exposure to active and passive smoking increase cardiovascular events compared to isolated exposure?
Does combined exposure to active and passive smoking increase cardiovascular events compared to isolated exposure?
Combined exposure to both active and passive smoking exacerbates the rate of cardiovascular clinical events compared to isolated exposure.
Alerts clinicians to compounded risks in dual-exposed patients; leaves open need for prospective confirmation and mechanistic trials.
A great number of observations show that cardiovascular damage from smoking may be a consequence of both active and passive smoking exposure. Some findings identify an increase in cardiovascular events in active smokers as well as in non-smokers exposed to passive smoking. The type and extension of damage seem to be similar qualitatively either in active smokers or in exposed never smokers. Artery vessels and myocardium feel particularly the effects of smoking. Ischaemic heart disease and atherosclerosis progression are the common alterations observed. Individuals exposed to both active and passive smoking feel the adverse effects of smoking. Result of the interaction consists primarily of increased rate of clinical events whereas the type of anatomical alterations is similar to those which characterize respectively isolated exposure to active or passive smoking. However, the extension of cardiovascular damage may vary even if, usually, in the same location of pre-existing lesions. The article also presents some of the patents regarding the effects of smoking on cardiovascular system.
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Aurelio Leone (2011) conducted a review in Ischaemic heart disease and atherosclerosis. Combined exposure to active and passive smoking vs. Isolated exposure to active or passive smoking was evaluated on Clinical cardiovascular events and anatomical alterations. Combined exposure to active and passive smoking increases the rate of clinical cardiovascular events compared to isolated exposure, though the type of anatomical alterations remains similar.