Study on the correlation between ventricular arrhythmia and heart rate variability in patients with coronary heart disease

Background Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) is a common complication in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a potential marker for VA risk. Aims This study aimed to analyse the correlation between HRV and VA in patients with CHD. Methods From January 2020 to July 2024, patients with CHD who were treated at our hospital were divided into two groups, based on the presence of VA: theVA group (VA present) and the control group (no VA). Heart rate variability indices were measured using 24-hour dynamic electrocardiogram monitoring. The HRV parameters included the standard deviation of sinus R-R (N-N) interval (SDNN), the standard deviation of sinus R-R (N-N) mean value every 5 min (SDANN), the root mean square of adjacent RR interval difference (rMSSD), and the percentage of the number of adjacent R-R interval differences >50 ms in the total number of sinus beats (PNN50). Clinical data were compared between groups, and linear regression was used to explore the relationship between HRV and VA. Results The HRV indices SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD, and PNN50 were significantly lower in the VA group than in the non-VA group ( P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that SDANN, rMSSD and PNN50 were significantly associated with VA occurrence ( P < 0.05). The linear equation derived was Y = 1.976 − 0.006 × X 2 − 0.009 × X 3 − 0.007 × X 4. Conclusion The HRV indices, particularly SDANN, rMSSD, and PNN50, were significantly associated with the occurrence of VA in patients with CHD and may serve as potential indicators for VA risk stratification.