Computational analysis of MHD hybrid nanofluid flow between concentric cylinders in an annular region

This study investigates the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) characteristics of hybrid nanofluid flow confined between concentric cylindrical surfaces. The governing momentum and energy equations are formulated and solved subject to appropriate boundary conditions to analyze fluid motion and heat transport mechanisms. Particular attention is given to the roles of the Darcy number and magnetic field strength in regulating flow behavior and thermal performance. Comparative assessments demonstrate the reliability of the results and reveal that hybrid nanofluids provide enhanced thermal effectiveness in restricted geometries. An increase in the Darcy number lowers resistance within the porous medium, leading to higher fluid velocities and improved heat transfer, which is beneficial for geothermal and subsurface energy applications. Variations in the shape factor influence the flow by reducing velocity while promoting a more uniform temperature distribution, thereby contributing to greater thermal stability in control and regulation systems. Intensifying the internal heat generation elevates temperature gradients and induces fluid expansion, strengthening heat transfer in systems such as cooling devices and nuclear reactors. Furthermore, higher magnetic field intensity suppresses fluid motion due to Lorentz forces. The increased wall shear stress caused by inertial factors causes the skin friction coefficient increase along with the Reynolds number. The thinner thermal boundary layer causes the Nusselt number to escalation with the Reynolds number. These findings offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of advanced thermal management systems, energy technologies, and industrial applications.