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Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BIT) coprecipitated powders sinter in the presence of a transitory liquid phase, which strongly enhances the diffusion of matter and also the anisotropic growth of BIT grains. However, by coating the surface of BIT particles with WO 3 the aspect ratio of the platelets can be controlled. This, in addition to the donor effect of tungsten, finally leads to a decrease of the electrical conductivity of these ferroelectric ceramics.
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Jardiel et al. (2008) studied this question.
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