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Experimental study reveals ultrahigh areal capacity in 3D-printed porous telluride anodes, highlighting a practical pathway for aqueous ammonium-ion batteries.
Aqueous ammonium‐ion (NH 4 + ) batteries (AAIBs) have recently emerged as promising alternatives for next‐generation energy storage, owing to the unique hydrogen‐bond‐assisted diffusion of NH 4 + ions within the host lattice framework. However, research on electrode materials remains limited, and a considerable gap persists between laboratory scale and practical applications due to the low mass loadings (1–5 mg cm −2 ) of conventional electrodes. This work introduces an ultrahigh mass‐loading integrated 3D‐printed porous conductive electrode of functional metal tellurides, Bi 2‐x Sb x Te 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) as an efficient anode for AAIBs. To address the limited ion diffusion associated with ultrahigh mass‐loading electrodes, Bi 2‐x Sb x Te 3 is integrated with a 3D‐printed porous titanium alloy (Ti 6 Al 4 V) substrate fabricated via the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technique. Such an interconnected porous framework provides efficient mass‐transport pathways even at very high mass‐loading levels. The designed 3D‐printed Bi 2 Te 3 anode with a mass loading of 40 mg cm −2 achieves an impressive areal capacity of 9 mAh cm −2 at 2 mA cm −2 , while still retaining an exceptional specific capacity of 224 mAh g −1 . To improve the cyclic stability, smaller Sb 3+ ions are incorporated into the Bi 2 Te 3 lattice to strengthen the M─Te (M═Bi/Sb) bonds, which consequently mitigates volume fluctuations during cycling. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of 3D‐printed Bi 2‐x Sb x Te 3 anodes for advancing AAIB technology.
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De et al. (2026) studied this question.
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