Identification of Independent and Communal Differentially Expressed Genes as Well as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Ischemic Heart Failure and Non-Ischemic Heart Failure

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flow diagram of the study design.

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  Figure 2. Identification of gene expression profiles in the two datasets. (A) Volcano plot of NIHF microarray data. (B) Volcano plot of IHF microarray data. (C) Venn diagram of the 93 communal upregulated DEGs between NIHF and IHF. (D) Venn diagram of the 92 communal downregulated DEGs between NIHF and IHF.

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  Figure 3. Based on database STRING and Cytoscape software, PPI networks of the DEGs were constructed. The pink point represents upregulated genes, and purple point represents downregulated genes.

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  Figure 4. (A) Top modules from the protein–protein interaction network. (B) The biological process in functional enrichment of the DEGs in Modules was performed using the online biological tool DAVID between HF and T2DM with P-value and (C) gene count. (D) The pathway analysis of the DEGs in Modules by KOBAS 3.0. The abscissa represents the P-value, and the ordinate represents the terms. The size of the circle represents the number of genes involved, and the color represents the frequency of the genes involved in the term total genes.

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  Figure 5. Three hub genes were identified by overlapping the first 15 genes in the five classification methods of cytoHubba.

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  Figure 6. Hub genes and their co-expression genes were analyzed using GeneMANIA.

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  Figure 7. Based on the DGIdb predictions of the module genes, we obtained 14 drug–gene interaction pairs, including two hub genes (C5, TLR3) and 14 drugs. Yellow circle indicates the differentially expressed gene and blank square indicates the drug.

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  Figure 8. mRNA-miRNA regulation network of hub genes was constructed by MiRwalk.