Determination of microdroplet contact angles using electrically driven droplet oscillations

Oscillatory deformations of micrometer-sized NaCl-water droplets by an AC electric field are used for contact angle measurements on superhydrophobic surfaces. Contact angles are determined from the dependence of the lowest-order resonant frequency of the electrically driven droplet oscillations on the droplet size. The resonant frequency and size of a droplet are found using whispering gallery mode spectroscopy. Measurements are compared with those performed with direct mechanical driving of the droplets using a piezoelectric transducer, and a good agreement is found. The demonstrated contact angle measurement method can be readily integrated into the planar architecture of microfluidic chips.