Summary Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate variations in powder characteristics with respect to spray drying operating parameters including both feed rates (L min −1 ) and inlet temperatures (°C). Inlet temperatures around 180 °C provided the lowest values for moisture. Powder recovery was significantly affected ( P < 0.10) by inlet air temperature and feed rate, where a raise in inlet temperature and feed rate resulted in higher powder recovery. No significant difference ( P > 0.05) was observed for water activity, solubility and hygroscopicity between treatments. Regarding oil retention, the results showed a significant ( P < 0.05) interaction between the two studied factors. A tendency for higher values of oil retention was observed when using combinations of high inlet temperatures/low feed rates and low inlet temperatures/high feed rates. Particle size distribution averaged 2.0, 8.1 and 18.3 μm for D 10 , D 50 and D 90 , respectively. The morphology of particles showed no cracks in most capsules. The results indicate that high temperature (185 °C) and moderated feed rate (0.63 L min −1 ) are the best spray drying conditions.
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Botrel et al. (2012) studied this question.
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