Urtica dioica L. (stinging nettle) is a perennial flowering plant from the Urticaceae family, widely recognized for its medicinal properties. The phytochemical studies of Urtica have revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins, along with essential nutrients such as amino acids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, fatty acids, and minerals. These bioactive compounds contribute to a wide range of biological functions, including adipocyte metabolism, cardiovascular support, menstrual regulation, bone formation (osteogenesis), and ischemia prevention. Additionally, Urtica dioica exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties, further enhancing its therapeutic potential. Due to its diverse pharmacological activities, stinging nettle has been traditionally used as a natural remedy for various health conditions. The phytochemicals of Urtica have potential industrial applications as this plant is extensively used in the pharmaceutical and food industry for the preparation of various drugs, food colors, and food additives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of its chemical composition, biological activities, and major bioactive compounds.
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Rathour et al. (2026) studied this question.
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