Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Understanding Spontaneous Brain Activity During Resting State in Schizophrenia: A Mini Review

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  Figure 1. An example of NIRS measurement using a resting paradigm that was followed by a verbal fluency task. The left figure displays NIRS channel locations that are indicated by the white and red circles. The red circle points to the channel that displays an example (right figure) for the time course of NIRS signals in a healthy subject. In this case, the NIRS signals were potently activated during the rest period. The activation of the signals was reversed during the subsequent pre-task, where the subject simply repeated a sequence of syllables (a, i, u, e, o). The NIRS signals were activated again during the task period for the verbal fluency task, which asks the subject to generate as many words as possible starting with presented syllables such as “a.” The activation of the signals induced by the verbal fluency task was reversed during the post-task, which consisted of the same task as the pre-task. The magnitudes of the activated signals during the rest period were nearly comparable with those induced by the verbal fluency task. This potent activation of the NIRS signals may indicate some spontaneous cognitive activity that occurred during the rest period. Red bold line,…