Key result
Prototype impeller total heart minimizes flow turbulence and stagnation as an alternative to diaphragm models.
Describes a novel impeller-based total artificial heart design aimed at reducing hemolysis and thrombosis by optimizing blood flow stream surfaces.
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Should not yet alter clinical practice; leaves open impeller total heart feasibility pending in vivo validation.
Hemolysis and thrombosis have been considered as the main limitations of the impeller pump and other centrifugal pumps to total heart applications. One of the solutions is to choose the impeller shroud and vane according to the stream surfaces of blood flow, so as to vanish the turbulence and stagnation which cause the hemolysis and thrombosis, respectively, in the pump. This paper describes the method of deducing the stream surfaces together with the velocity distributions in the impeller from the fundamental dynamical equations, and presents a prototype design of the impeller total heart which promises to be an ideal alternative to the problematic diaphragm total heart.
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Kunxi Qian (1990) studied this question. Implantable impeller pump vs. Diaphragm total heart was evaluated. A prototype design of an implantable impeller total heart was developed using stream surfaces of blood flow to minimize turbulence and stagnation, offering an alternative to diaphragm total hearts.
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