Progression of Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness in Children of the Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease Study: Risk Factors and Impact of Blood Pressure Dynamics

Figures

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  Figure 1. Patient and visit selection (*baseline visit criteria: eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, age 6–17 years). cIMT indicates carotid intima‐media thickness; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; and 4C, Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children With CKD study.

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  Figure 2. Average population‐level cIMT SDS prediction for male (A, C, E) and female (B, D, F) patients (baseline age: 11 years), with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract diagnosis based on median baseline covariate values. BP indicates blood pressure; cIMT, carotid intima‐media thickness; and SDS, SD score.

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  Figure 3. Average population‐level cIMT SDS prediction for male (A) and female (B) patients (baseline age: 11 years), with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract diagnosis and stable chronic kidney disease based on median baseline covariate values. cIMT indicates carotid intima‐media thickness; and SDS, SD score.

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  Figure 4. Average population‐level cIMT SDS prediction for male (A, C) and female (B, D) patients (baseline age: 11 years), with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract diagnosis and progressive chronic kidney disease based on median baseline covariate values. BP indicates blood pressure; cIMT, carotid intima‐media thickness; and SDS, SD score.

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  Figure 5. Progression of cIMT SDS depending on BP SDS dynamics over time. Test for linear relationships between absolute change per year in cIMT SDS (Δ cIMT SDS) with absolute change per year in systolic blood pressure BP SDS (Δ systolic BP SDS) and diastolic blood pressure BP SDS (Δ diastolic BP SDS) within first 4.5 years of follow‐up. BP indicates blood pressure; cIMT, carotid intima‐media thickness; and SDS, SD score.