Key result
Among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, 51% were non-compliant with DOAC therapy, with twice-daily dosing (OR 1.73) and higher costs (OR 2.13) as independent predictors.
Why the study?
DOACs brought new challenges regarding accessibility and compliance in atrial fibrillation treatment, motivating an assessment of adherence and its determinants in clinical practice.
Observational (n=264)
No
In a real-world cohort of patients with non-valvular AF, 51% were non-compliant with DOAC therapy, with longer therapy duration, twice-daily dosing, and higher out-of-pocket costs identified as independent predictors of non-adherence.
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) changed the landscape of atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment, but also brought with them new challenges in terms of accessibility and compliance. The purpose of this study was to assess adherence to DOACs, and its determinants in a population of AF patients. Single-center retrospective study including all patients with non-valvular AF treated with a DOAC from the outpatient general cardiology list at a tertiary center, whose first DOAC prescription was between 1 April 2016 and August 2018. The number of pharmacy refills from the day of first prescription to 31 August 2018 was counted (by means of an electronic prescription platform). Medication refill adherence (MRA) was calculated by dividing the total days' supply by the number of days under therapy. Non-compliance was defined as MRA <90%. A total of 264 patients (120 men, mean age 74 ± 12 years) met the inclusion criteria. The median CHA2DS2VASC score was 3 (interquartile range (IQR) 2-5) and the median HAS-BLED was 1 (IQR 1-2). Rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran and edoxaban were prescribed in 45%, 41%, 24% and 13% of patients, respectively. During the study 51 patients (19%) used at least two DOACs .Patients took DOACs for a median period of 439 days (IQR 269-638), during which the included population adhered to therapy 90% of the time (IQR 75-100%). Half of the patients (51%) were classified as non-compliant; therapy duration (adjusted odds ratio 1.06 per month, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.08, p<0.001), DOACs twice daily (adjusted OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.08-2.75, p=0.022), and higher out-of-pocket costs (adjusted OR 2.13, 95%CI 1.28-3.45, p=0.003) were independent predictors of non-compliance. Half of the patients (51%) were classified as non-compliant (medication refill adherence <90%). Therapy duration, DOACs twice daily and higher out out-of-pocket costs were independent predictors of non-compliance, which could be targets to improve patient adherence. Os anticoagulantes diretos (direct anticoagulants, DOACs) mudaram o panorama do tratamento da fibrilhação auricular (FA), trazendo novos desafios de acessibilidade e adesão terapêutica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adesão terapêutica com DOACs, e os seus fatores determinantes, numa população de doentes com FA. Estudo retrospetivo de centro único incluindo doentes com FA não-valvular sob terapêutica com DOAC seguidos em consulta de Cardiologia, cuja primeira prescrição de DOAC foi realizada entre 1 de Abril de 2016 e Agosto de 2018. Foram contabilizadas as embalagens de DOAC levantadas desde a primeira prescrição até 31 de Agosto de 2018, utilizando a Prescrição Eletrónica Médica. Foi calculada a adesão à terapêutica através da divisão entre o número de dias cobertos pela dispensa efetiva na farmácia e os dias sob terapêutica. Definiu-se «não adesão» como uma adesão inferior a 90%. Foram incluídos 264 doentes (120 homens, idade média 74 ± 12 anos). O score CHA2DS2VASC mediano foi 3 (IIQ 2-5) e o score HAS-BLED mediano foi 1 (IIQ 1-2). Os DOAC rivaroxabano, apixabano, dabigatrano e edoxabano foram prescritos em 45%, 41%, 24% e 13% dos doentes, respetivamente. Ao longo do período avaliado, 51 doentes (19%) tomaram pelo menos dois DOACs diferentes. Os doentes estiveram sob DOAC durante uma mediana de 439 dias (IIQ 269-638), durante os quais aderiram à terapêutica em mediana 90% (IIQ 75-100%) do tempo. Cerca de metade (51%) dos doentes foram considerados não aderentes; a maior duração da terapêutica (OR ajustado de 1,06/mês, IC95% 1,03-1,08, p<0,001), a toma de DOAC com posologia bidiária (OR ajustado de 1,73, IC95% 1,08-2,75, p=0,022) e o pagamento de medicamentos em regime geral (OR ajustado 2,13, IC95% 1,28-3,45, p=0,003) foram preditores independentes de «não adesão». Metade dos doentes (51%) com FA sob DOAC foram classificados como não aderentes (adesão <90%). A maior duração da terapêutica, a posologia bidiária e o pagamento em regime geral foram preditores independentes de não adesão, podendo constituir alvos de intervenção para melhorar o perfil de cumprimento terapêutico.
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Brizido et al. (2021) conducted an observational in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (n=264). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) was evaluated on Non-compliance (medication refill adherence <90%). Among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, 51% were non-compliant with DOAC therapy, with twice-daily dosing (OR 1.73) and higher costs (OR 2.13) as independent predictors.
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