Impact of Multimodality Pain Regimens on Elective Colorectal Surgery Outcomes

Trials of enhanced recovery programs suggest that multimodality pain regimens improve outcomes after colorectal surgery. We sought to determine whether patients receiving postoperative multimodality pain regimens would have shorter lengths of stay without an associated increase in readmission rate as compared to those receiving opioid-based pain regimens. Retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent elective colorectal surgery between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2012, in a national hospital network participating in the Premier Perspective database. Patients were grouped into multimodality or opioid-based using postoperative medication charges. Primary outcome measures included length of stay and 30-day readmission rate. Among 91,936 patients, 38 per cent received multimodality pain regimens and 61 per cent received opioid-based regimens. After adjustment for patient and surgical characteristics, there was no difference in length of stay or cost, odds of readmission were 1.2 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-1.3, P < 0.001), and odds of mortality were 0.8 (95% confidence interval = 0.6-0.9, P < 0.001) in the multimodality group compared to nonopioid sparing. Our results were consistent in secondary analyses using propensity matching. Fewer than half of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery in our cohort received multimodality pain regimens, and receipt of these medications was associated with mixed benefits in terms of length of stay, readmission, and mortality.