C ard iopu lm onary bypass (CPB) is not possible without heparin.Blood contact with the synthetic, nonendo-theliaI cell surfaces of the extracorporeal perfusion system activates at least five plasma protein systems and five blood "cells."In this issue articles by Pekna and her colleagues [1] and von Segesser's group [2] report experience with clinical CPB using surface-bound heparin-coated perfusion circuits and half-standard doses of heparin.Do the
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L. Henry Edmunds (1994) studied this question.
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