Key result
Electroscope measurements of X-ray tubes and transformers demonstrate under ~2% difference in discharge times.
This early radiological physics study highlights the importance of standardizing X-ray energy output measurements to ensure safe and consistent biological dosing.
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Electroscope measurements show high reproducibility; leaves open whether machine-specific calibration can standardize erythema dosing across X-ray systems.
Beets et al. (1924) studied Roentgen deep therapy dosage. X-ray apparatus (transformers and tubes) was evaluated on X-ray energy output and electroscope discharge times. Measurements of eight high voltage transformers and eleven X-ray tubes using an electroscope showed initial and final discharge times differing by no more than 2 percent.
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