Key result
Vitamin D, K, and calcium co-supplementation reduces left CIMT vs placebo in diabetic CHD patients.
Why the study?
Does vitamin D, K, and calcium co-supplementation improve carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic status in overweight type 2 diabetic patients with CHD?
RCT (n=66)
Double-blind
Randomly allocated
No
Does vitamin D, K, and calcium co-supplementation improve carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic status in overweight type 2 diabetic patients with CHD?
Absolute Event Rate: -0.04% vs 0.04%
p-value: p=0.02
Co-supplementation with vitamin D, K, and calcium for 12 weeks improved left CIMT and metabolic profiles in overweight diabetic patients with CHD.
Supports adjunctive co-supplementation in overweight diabetic CHD patients; extends RCT evidence on combined micronutrients for cardiometabolic outcomes.
This study was conducted to examine the effects of vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and metabolic status in overweight diabetic patients with CHD. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among sixty-six diabetic patients with CHD. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to take either 5µg vitamin D, 90 µg vitamin K plus 500 mg Ca supplements (n 33) or placebo (n 33) twice a day for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the study and after the 12-week intervention period to determine related markers. Vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in maximum levels of left CIMT (-0·04 (sd 0·22) v. +0·04 (sd 0·09) mm, P=0·02). Changes in serum vitamin D (+6·5 (sd 7·8) v. +0·4 (sd 2·2) ng/ml, P<0·001), Ca (+0·6 (sd 0·3) v. +0·1 (sd 0·1) mg/dl, P<0·001) and insulin concentrations (-0·9 (sd 3·1) v. +2·6 (sd 7·2) µIU/ml, P=0·01), homoeostasis model for assessment of estimated insulin resistance (-0·4 (sd 1·2) v. +0·7 (sd 2·3), P=0·01), β-cell function (-2·1 (sd 9·0) v. +8·9 (sd 23·7), P=0·01) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0·007 (sd 0·01) v. -0·006 (sd 0·02), P=0·01) in supplemented patients were significantly different from those in patients in the placebo group. Supplementation resulted in significant changes in HDL-cholesterol (+2·7 (sd 7·0) v. -2·5 (sd 5·7) mg/dl, P=0·002), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-1320·1 (sd 3758·3) v. +464·0 (sd 3053·3) ng/ml, P=0·03) and plasma malondialdehyde concentrations (-0·4 (sd 0·5) v. -1·0 (sd 1·1) µmol/l, P=0·007) compared with placebo. Overall, vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation for 12 weeks among diabetic patients with CHD had beneficial effects on maximum levels of left CIMT and metabolic status. The effect of vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation on maximum levels of left CIMT could be a chance finding.
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Asemi et al. (2016) conducted an RCT in Overweight type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronary heart disease (n=66). Vitamin D, K and calcium co-supplementation vs. Placebo was evaluated on Maximum levels of left carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) change from baseline (mm) (p=0.02). Vitamin D, K, and calcium co-supplementation for 12 weeks significantly reduced maximum levels of left carotid intima-media thickness compared to placebo in overweight diabetic patients with CHD.
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