Thrombospondin 3 Is a Pentameric Molecule Held Together by Interchain Disulfide Linkage Involving Two Cysteine Residues

The thrombospondins (TSPs) are a family of 5 distinct gene products designated TSP1, -2, -3, -4, and COMP, for cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. TSP1, the prototypical member, is a trimeric extracellular matrix molecule implicated in cell migration and development. TSP1 trimer formation is mediated by interchain disulfide linkage involving two NH2-terminal cysteines. TSP3, a recent addition to the family, is a developmentally regulated heparin binding protein that is similar in sequence to the COOH terminus of TSP1 but has a distinct NH2 terminus. This has raised the question of the oligomeric nature of TSP3 and identification of the cysteine residues involved in oligomer formation. We demonstrate, using a combination of deletional and site-directed mutagenesis and rotary shadowing electron microscopy, that TSP3, like TSP4 and COMP, is a pentameric molecule. TSP3 is held together by interchain disulfide linkage involving just two cysteine residues, Cys-245 and Cys-248.