Regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal growth

This article reviews the possible mechanisms initiated by the ingestion and presence of food in the digestive tract that might regulate the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa. Emphasis is placed on direct local nutrition, pancreatic and biliary secretions, and gastrointestinal hormones. The strong and weak points of each of these are discussed in regard to its ability to account for experimental data. Areas of controversy are emphasized and, in some cases, attempts at reconciliation are made. Many of the data in this field of research are descriptive; future studies should focus on the actual mechanisms of regulation.