A targeted behavioral economics-based mobile health intervention to improve medication adherence in patients with hypertension: A three-arm randomized controlled trial

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Flow chart of the study cohort.

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  Figure 2.. Medication Adherence over time assessed by electronic and self-report across study groups. Legend: Panel (A), median medication adherence over 90 days measured by Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) dispensers across the three study groups. (B) Change in medication adherence from month 3 compared with month 1 (M3–M1) across the three study groups. (C) Monthly medication adherence over six months measured by MEMS dispensers. Each dot and line represents an individual participant. Red lines indicate median values per time point and group; blue lines indicate mean values. (D) Self-reported medication adherence measured by the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale at baseline (BL), 90 days (EP), and extended follow-up (eFU). Black dots and lines represent individual participants; red indicates median values and blue indicates mean values.

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  Figure 3.. Office and ambulatory blood pressure trajectories over time across study groups. Legend: Panel (A) Systolic office blood pressure measurements (OBPM) from baseline (BL) at 90 days (EP) and extended follow-up (eFU). (B) Diastolic office blood pressure measurements (OBPM) from BL to EP and eFU. (C) Systolic 24-hour mean ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) from BL to EP and eFU. (D) Diastolic 24-hour mean ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) from BL to EP and eFU. For all panels, each dot and line represents an individual participant. Red lines indicate median values per time point and group; blue lines indicate mean values.

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  Figure 4.. Blood pressure control over time assessed by office and ambulatory measurements across study groups. Legend: (A) Blood pressure control according to office blood pressure measurements (OBPM) at baseline (BL), 90 days (EP), and extended follow-up (eFU). (B) Blood pressure control according to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at BL, EP, and eFU. For both panels, bars indicate the proportion of participants with controlled and uncontrolled blood pressure at each time point by study group.